| 0x2328 | NY%0 |
NY%0 |
| 0x2329 | An incorrect parameter wasentered for the command. |
An incorrect parameter wasentered for the command. |
| 0x232A | The syntax of the command is incorrect. |
The syntax of the command is incorrect. |
| 0x232B | Press any key to continue . . . %0 |
Press any key to continue . . . %0 |
| 0x232C | %1, Delete (Y/N)? %0 |
%1, Delete (Y/N)? %0 |
| 0x232E | The system cannot accept the pathor file name requested. |
The system cannot accept the pathor file name requested. |
| 0x232F | The system cannot accept the date entered. |
The system cannot accept the date entered. |
| 0x2330 | No batch label specified to GOTO command. |
No batch label specified to GOTO command. |
| 0x2331 | '%1' is not recognized as an internal or external command,operable program or batch file. |
'%1' is not recognized as an internal or external command,operable program or batch file. |
| 0x2332 | The system cannot accept the time entered. |
The system cannot accept the time entered. |
| 0x2335 | ^C |
^C |
| 0x2336 | %1 file(s) copied. |
%1 file(s) copied. |
| 0x2337 | The current date is: %0 |
The current date is: %0 |
| 0x2338 | The current time is: %0 |
The current time is: %0 |
| 0x2339 | Directory of %1 |
Directory of %1 |
| 0x233A | The system is out of environment space. |
The system is out of environment space. |
| 0x233C | The system cannot execute the specified program. |
The system cannot execute the specified program. |
| 0x233F | The input line is too long. |
The input line is too long. |
| 0x2340 | The contents of the target filewere lost. |
The contents of the target filewere lost. |
| 0x2341 | Insert the diskette that contains the batch fileand press any key when ready. %0 |
Insert the diskette that contains the batch fileand press any key when ready. %0 |
| 0x2342 | Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy) %0 |
Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy) %0 |
| 0x2343 | Enter the new time: %0 |
Enter the new time: %0 |
| 0x2344 | The handle could not be duplicatedduring redirection of handle %1. |
The handle could not be duplicatedduring redirection of handle %1. |
| 0x2345 | ECHO is off. |
ECHO is off. |
| 0x2346 | ECHO is on. |
ECHO is on. |
| 0x2347 | VERIFY is off. |
VERIFY is off. |
| 0x2348 | VERIFY is on. |
VERIFY is on. |
| 0x2349 | The file cannot be copied onto itself. |
The file cannot be copied onto itself. |
| 0x234A | %1 was unexpected at this time. |
%1 was unexpected at this time. |
| 0x234C | The Process Identification Number is %1. |
The Process Identification Number is %1. |
| 0x234D | A duplicate file name exists, or the filecannot be found. |
A duplicate file name exists, or the filecannot be found. |
| 0x234E | %1, Are you sure (Y/N)? %0 |
%1, Are you sure (Y/N)? %0 |
| 0x234F | The following character string is too long:%1 |
The following character string is too long:%1 |
| 0x2350 | Microsoft Windows [Version %1]%0 |
Microsoft Windows [Version %1]%0 |
| 0x2351 | The handle could not be duplicated duringa pipe operation. |
The handle could not be duplicated duringa pipe operation. |
| 0x2352 | More? %0 |
More? %0 |
| 0x2353 | The system cannot complete the process. |
The system cannot complete the process. |
| 0x2354 | %1 |
%1 |
| 0x235B | Volume Serial Number is %1 |
Volume Serial Number is %1 |
| 0x235C | A subdirectory or file %1 already exists. |
A subdirectory or file %1 already exists. |
| 0x235D | Error occurred while processing: %1. |
Error occurred while processing: %1. |
| 0x235E | Volume in drive %1 has no label. |
Volume in drive %1 has no label. |
| 0x235F | Volume in drive %1 is %2 |
Volume in drive %1 is %2 |
| 0x2360 | KEYS is on. |
KEYS is on. |
| 0x2361 | KEYS is off. |
KEYS is off. |
| 0x2362 | The system cannot accept the START command parameter %1. |
The system cannot accept the START command parameter %1. |
| 0x2363 | The system cannot find the file %1. |
The system cannot find the file %1. |
| 0x2364 | The process tried to write to a nonexistent pipe. |
The process tried to write to a nonexistent pipe. |
| 0x236B | \"%1\" is not a recognized device. |
\"%1\" is not a recognized device. |
| 0x236C | The batch file cannot be found. |
The batch file cannot be found. |
| 0x236D | %1 dir(s) moved. |
%1 dir(s) moved. |
| 0x236E | %1 file(s) moved. |
%1 file(s) moved. |
| 0x236F | A program attempted to reference storage outside thelimits of a stack segment. The program was ended.%1 |
A program attempted to reference storage outside thelimits of a stack segment. The program was ended.%1 |
| 0x2371 | %1%0 |
%1%0 |
| 0x2372 | Command not implemented. |
Command not implemented. |
| 0x2373 | %0 |
%0 |
| 0x2374 | Out of memory. |
Out of memory. |
| 0x2375 | Invalid switch - \"%1\". |
Invalid switch - \"%1\". |
| 0x2376 | Parameter format not correct - \"%1\". |
Parameter format not correct - \"%1\". |
| 0x2377 | (Error occurred in environment variable) |
(Error occurred in environment variable) |
| 0x2378 | %1 File(s) %2 bytes |
%1 File(s) %2 bytes |
| 0x2379 | %1 Dir(s) %2 bytes free |
%1 Dir(s) %2 bytes free |
| 0x237A | Total Files Listed: |
Total Files Listed: |
| 0x237B | Terminate batch job (Y/N)? %0 |
Terminate batch job (Y/N)? %0 |
| 0x237C | The current directory is invalid. |
The current directory is invalid. |
| 0x237D | Displays the name of or changes the current directory.CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]CHDIR [..]CD [/D] [drive:][path]CD [..] .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing currentdirectory for a drive. |
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]CHDIR [..]CD [/D] [drive:][path]CD [..] .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing currentdirectory for a drive. |
| 0x237E | Clears the screen.CLS |
Clears the screen.CLS |
| 0x237F | Copies one or more files to another location.COPY [/D] [/V] [/N] [/Y | /-Y] [/Z] [/L] [/A | /B ] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination [/A | /B]] source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file. /B Indicates a binary file. /D Allow the destination file to be created decrypted destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly. /N Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file with a non-8dot3 name. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /Z Copies networked files in restartable mode. /L If the source is a symbolic link, copy the link to the target instead of the actual file the source link points to.The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default isto prompt on overwrites unless COPY command is being executed fromwithin a batch script.To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple filesfor source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). |
Copies one or more files to another location.COPY [/D] [/V] [/N] [/Y | /-Y] [/Z] [/L] [/A | /B ] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination [/A | /B]] source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file. /B Indicates a binary file. /D Allow the destination file to be created decrypted destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly. /N Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file with a non-8dot3 name. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /Z Copies networked files in restartable mode. /L If the source is a symbolic link, copy the link to the target instead of the actual file the source link points to.The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default isto prompt on overwrites unless COPY command is being executed fromwithin a batch script.To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple filesfor source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). |
| 0x2380 | Displays or sets the date.DATE [/T | date]Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting anda prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date. |
Displays or sets the date.DATE [/T | date]Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting anda prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date. |
| 0x2381 | Deletes one or more files.DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] namesERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names names Specifies a list of one or more files or directories. Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a directory is specified, all files within the directory will be deleted. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. /F Force deleting of read-only files. /S Delete specified files from all subdirectories. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard /A Selects files to delete based on attributes attributes R Read-only files S System files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving I Not content indexed Files L Reparse Points - Prefix meaning not |
Deletes one or more files.DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] namesERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names names Specifies a list of one or more files or directories. Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a directory is specified, all files within the directory will be deleted. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. /F Force deleting of read-only files. /S Delete specified files from all subdirectories. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard /A Selects files to delete based on attributes attributes R Read-only files S System files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving I Not content indexed Files L Reparse Points - Prefix meaning not |
| 0x2382 | Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N] [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/R] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4] [drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list. /A Displays files with specified attributes. attributes D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving S System files I Not content indexed files L Reparse Points - Prefix meaning not /B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). /C Display the thousand separator in file sizes. This is the default. Use /-C to disable display of separator. /D Same as wide but files are list sorted by column. /L Uses lowercase. /N New long list format where filenames are on the far right. /O List by files in sorted order. sortorder N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date/time (oldest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order /P Pauses after each screenful of information. /Q Display the owner of the file. /R Display alternate data streams of the file. /S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. /T Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting timefield C Creation A Last Access W Last Written /W Uses wide list format. /X This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file names. The format is that of /N with the short name inserted before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are displayed in its place. /4 Displays four-digit yearsSwitches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Overridepreset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W. |
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N] [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/R] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4] [drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list. /A Displays files with specified attributes. attributes D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving S System files I Not content indexed files L Reparse Points - Prefix meaning not /B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). /C Display the thousand separator in file sizes. This is the default. Use /-C to disable display of separator. /D Same as wide but files are list sorted by column. /L Uses lowercase. /N New long list format where filenames are on the far right. /O List by files in sorted order. sortorder N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date/time (oldest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order /P Pauses after each screenful of information. /Q Display the owner of the file. /R Display alternate data streams of the file. /S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. /T Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting timefield C Creation A Last Access W Last Written /W Uses wide list format. /X This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file names. The format is that of /N with the short name inserted before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are displayed in its place. /4 Displays four-digit yearsSwitches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Overridepreset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W. |
| 0x2383 | Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter) or the current batchscript.EXIT [/B] [exitCode] /B specifies to exit the current batch script instead of CMD.EXE. If executed from outside a batch script, it will quit CMD.EXE exitCode specifies a numeric number. if /B is specified, sets ERRORLEVEL that number. If quitting CMD.EXE, sets the process exit code with that number. |
Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter) or the current batchscript.EXIT [/B] [exitCode] /B specifies to exit the current batch script instead of CMD.EXE. If executed from outside a batch script, it will quit CMD.EXE exitCode specifies a numeric number. if /B is specified, sets ERRORLEVEL that number. If quitting CMD.EXE, sets the process exit code with that number. |
| 0x2384 | Creates a directory.MKDIR [drive:]pathMD [drive:]path |
Creates a directory.MKDIR [drive:]pathMD [drive:]path |
| 0x2385 | Displays or sets a search path for executable files.PATH [[drive:]path[;...][;%%PATH%%]PATH ;Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct cmd.exe to searchonly in the current directory.Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.Including %%PATH%% in the new path setting causes the old path to beappended to the new setting. |
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.PATH [[drive:]path[;...][;%%PATH%%]PATH ;Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct cmd.exe to searchonly in the current directory.Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.Including %%PATH%% in the new path setting causes the old path to beappended to the new setting. |
| 0x2386 | Changes the cmd.exe command prompt.PROMPT [text] text Specifies a new command prompt.Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes: $A & (Ampersand) $B | (pipe) $C ( (Left parenthesis) $D Current date $E Escape code (ASCII code 27) $F ) (Right parenthesis) $G (greater-than sign) $H Backspace (erases previous character) $L |
Changes the cmd.exe command prompt.PROMPT [text] text Specifies a new command prompt.Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes: $A & (Ampersand) $B | (pipe) $C ( (Left parenthesis) $D Current date $E Escape code (ASCII code 27) $F ) (Right parenthesis) $G (greater-than sign) $H Backspace (erases previous character) $L |
| 0x2387 | Removes (deletes) a directory.RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]pathRD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path /S Removes all directories and files in the specified directory in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory tree. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S |
Removes (deletes) a directory.RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]pathRD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path /S Removes all directories and files in the specified directory in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory tree. /Q Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S |
| 0x2388 | Renames a file or files.RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file. |
Renames a file or files.RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file. |
| 0x2389 | Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables.SET [variable=[string]] variable Specifies the environment-variable name. string Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable.Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables. |
Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables.SET [variable=[string]] variable Specifies the environment-variable name. string Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable.Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables. |
| 0x238A | Displays or sets the system time.TIME [/T | time]Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a promptfor a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time. |
Displays or sets the system time.TIME [/T | time]Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a promptfor a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time. |
| 0x238B | Displays the contents of a text file or files.TYPE [drive:][path]filename |
Displays the contents of a text file or files.TYPE [drive:][path]filename |
| 0x238C | Displays the Windows version.VER |
Displays the Windows version.VER |
| 0x238D | Tells cmd.exe whether to verify that your files are written correctly to adisk.VERIFY [ON | OFF]Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting. |
Tells cmd.exe whether to verify that your files are written correctly to adisk.VERIFY [ON | OFF]Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting. |
| 0x238E | Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.VOL [drive:] |
Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.VOL [drive:] |
| 0x238F | Calls one batch program from another.CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters] batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the batch program. |
Calls one batch program from another.CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters] batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the batch program. |
| 0x2390 | Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS.REM [comment] |
Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS.REM [comment] |
| 0x2391 | Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message Press any key to continue . . . %0PAUSE |
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message Press any key to continue . . . %0PAUSE |
| 0x2392 | Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off. ECHO [ON | OFF] ECHO [message]Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting. |
Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off. ECHO [ON | OFF] ECHO [message]Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting. |
| 0x2393 | Directs cmd.exe to a labeled line in a batch program.GOTO label label Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label.You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon. |
Directs cmd.exe to a labeled line in a batch program.GOTO label label Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label.You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon. |
| 0x2394 | Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file.SHIFT [/n] |
Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file.SHIFT [/n] |
| 0x2395 | Performs conditional processing in batch programs.IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number commandIF [NOT] string1==string2 commandIF [NOT] EXIST filename command NOT Specifies that Windows should carry out the command only if the condition is false. ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run returned an exit code equal to or greater than the number specified. string1==string2 Specifies a true condition if the specified text strings match. EXIST filename Specifies a true condition if the specified filename exists. command Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is met. Command can be followed by ELSE command which will execute the command after the ELSE keyword if the specified condition is FALSEThe ELSE clause must occur on the same line as the command after the IF. Forexample: IF EXIST filename. ( del filename. ) ELSE ( echo filename. missing. )The following would NOT work because the del command needs to be terminatedby a newline: IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missingNor would the following work, since the ELSE command must be on the same lineas the end of the IF command: IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missingThe following would work if you want it all on one line: IF EXIST filename. (del filename.) ELSE echo filename. missing |
Performs conditional processing in batch programs.IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number commandIF [NOT] string1==string2 commandIF [NOT] EXIST filename command NOT Specifies that Windows should carry out the command only if the condition is false. ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run returned an exit code equal to or greater than the number specified. string1==string2 Specifies a true condition if the specified text strings match. EXIST filename Specifies a true condition if the specified filename exists. command Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is met. Command can be followed by ELSE command which will execute the command after the ELSE keyword if the specified condition is FALSEThe ELSE clause must occur on the same line as the command after the IF. Forexample: IF EXIST filename. ( del filename. ) ELSE ( echo filename. missing. )The following would NOT work because the del command needs to be terminatedby a newline: IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missingNor would the following work, since the ELSE command must be on the same lineas the end of the IF command: IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missingThe following would work if you want it all on one line: IF EXIST filename. (del filename.) ELSE echo filename. missing |
| 0x2396 | Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.FOR %%variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] %%variable Specifies a single letter replaceable parameter. (set) Specifies a set of one or more files. Wildcards may be used. command Specifies the command to carry out for each file. command-parameters Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%%%variable insteadof %%variable. Variable names are case sensitive, so %%i is differentfrom %%I. |
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.FOR %%variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] %%variable Specifies a single letter replaceable parameter. (set) Specifies a set of one or more files. Wildcards may be used. command Specifies the command to carry out for each file. command-parameters Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%%%variable insteadof %%variable. Variable names are case sensitive, so %%i is differentfrom %%I. |
| 0x40002397 | Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.START [\"title\"] [/D path] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED] [/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL | /BELOWNORMAL] [/NODE ] [/AFFINITY ] [/WAIT] [/B] [command/program] [parameters] \"title\" Title to display in window title bar. path Starting directory. B Start application without creating a new window. The application has ^C handling ignored. Unless the application enables ^C processing, ^Break is the only way to interrupt the application. I The new environment will be the original environment passed to the cmd.exe and not the current environment. MIN Start window minimized. MAX Start window maximized. SEPARATE Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space. SHARED Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space. LOW Start application in the IDLE priority class. NORMAL Start application in the NORMAL priority class. HIGH Start application in the HIGH priority class. REALTIME Start application in the REALTIME priority class. ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class. BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class. NODE Specifies the preferred Non-Uniform Memory Architecture (NUMA) node as a decimal integer. AFFINITY Specifies the processor affinity mask as a hexadecimal number. The process is restricted to running on these processors. The affinity mask is interpreted differently when /AFFINITY and /NODE are combined. Specify the affinity mask as if the NUMA node's processor mask is right shifted to begin at bit zero. The process is restricted to running on those processors in common between the specified affinity mask and the NUMA node. If no processors are in common, the process is restricted to running on the specified NUMA node. WAIT Start application and wait for it to terminate. command/program If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe. This means that the window will remain after the command has been run. If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then it is a program and will run as either a windowed application or a console application. parameters These are the parameters passed to the command/program.NOTE: The SEPARATE and SHARED options are not supported on 64-bit platforms.Specifying /NODE allows processes to be created in a way that leverages memorylocality on NUMA systems. For example, two processes that communicate witheach other heavily through shared memory can be created to share the samepreferred NUMA node in order to minimize memory latencies. They allocatememory from the same NUMA node when possible, and they are free to run onprocessors outside the specified node. start /NODE 1 application1.exe start /NODE 1 application2.exeThese two processes can be further constrained to run on specific processorswithin the same NUMA node. In the following example, application1 runs on thelow-order two processors of the node, while application2 runs on the next twoprocessors of the node. This example assumes the specified node has at leastfour logical processors. Note that the node number can be changed to any validnode number for that computer without having to change the affinity mask. start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0x3 application1.exe start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0xc application2.exe |
Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.START [\"title\"] [/D path] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED] [/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL | /BELOWNORMAL] [/NODE ] [/AFFINITY ] [/WAIT] [/B] [command/program] [parameters] \"title\" Title to display in window title bar. path Starting directory. B Start application without creating a new window. The application has ^C handling ignored. Unless the application enables ^C processing, ^Break is the only way to interrupt the application. I The new environment will be the original environment passed to the cmd.exe and not the current environment. MIN Start window minimized. MAX Start window maximized. SEPARATE Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space. SHARED Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space. LOW Start application in the IDLE priority class. NORMAL Start application in the NORMAL priority class. HIGH Start application in the HIGH priority class. REALTIME Start application in the REALTIME priority class. ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class. BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class. NODE Specifies the preferred Non-Uniform Memory Architecture (NUMA) node as a decimal integer. AFFINITY Specifies the processor affinity mask as a hexadecimal number. The process is restricted to running on these processors. The affinity mask is interpreted differently when /AFFINITY and /NODE are combined. Specify the affinity mask as if the NUMA node's processor mask is right shifted to begin at bit zero. The process is restricted to running on those processors in common between the specified affinity mask and the NUMA node. If no processors are in common, the process is restricted to running on the specified NUMA node. WAIT Start application and wait for it to terminate. command/program If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe. This means that the window will remain after the command has been run. If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then it is a program and will run as either a windowed application or a console application. parameters These are the parameters passed to the command/program.NOTE: The SEPARATE and SHARED options are not supported on 64-bit platforms.Specifying /NODE allows processes to be created in a way that leverages memorylocality on NUMA systems. For example, two processes that communicate witheach other heavily through shared memory can be created to share the samepreferred NUMA node in order to minimize memory latencies. They allocatememory from the same NUMA node when possible, and they are free to run onprocessors outside the specified node. start /NODE 1 application1.exe start /NODE 1 application2.exeThese two processes can be further constrained to run on specific processorswithin the same NUMA node. In the following example, application1 runs on thelow-order two processors of the node, while application2 runs on the next twoprocessors of the node. This example assumes the specified node has at leastfour logical processors. Note that the node number can be changed to any validnode number for that computer without having to change the affinity mask. start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0x3 application1.exe start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0xc application2.exe |
| 0x40002398 | Sets or Clears Extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systemThis is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effectunder Windows. |
Sets or Clears Extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systemThis is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effectunder Windows. |
| 0x40002399 | Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreterCMD [/A | /U] [/Q] [/D] [/E:ON | /E:OFF] [/F:ON | /F:OFF] [/V:ON | /V:OFF] [[/S] [/C | /K] string]/C Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates/K Carries out the command specified by string but remains/S Modifies the treatment of string after /C or /K (see below)/Q Turns echo off/D Disable execution of AutoRun commands from registry (see below)/A Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be ANSI/U Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be Unicode/T:fg Sets the foreground/background colors (see COLOR /? for more info)/E:ON Enable command extensions (see below)/E:OFF Disable command extensions (see below)/F:ON Enable file and directory name completion characters (see below)/F:OFF Disable file and directory name completion characters (see below)/V:ON Enable delayed environment variable expansion using ! as the delimiter. For example, /V:ON would allow !var! to expand the variable var at execution time. The %var% syntax expands variables at input time, which is quite a different thing when inside of a FOR loop./V:OFF Disable delayed environment expansion.Note that multiple commands separated by the command separator '&&'are accepted for string if surrounded by quotes. Also, for compatibilityreasons, /X is the same as /E:ON, /Y is the same as /E:OFF and /R is thesame as /C. Any other switches are ignored.If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line afterthe switch is processed as a command line, where the following logic isused to process quote (\") characters: 1. If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters on the command line are preserved: - no /S switch - exactly two quote characters - no special characters between the two quote characters, where special is one of: &()@^| - there are one or more whitespace characters between the two quote characters - the string between the two quote characters is the name of an executable file. 2. Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving any text after the last quote character. |
Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreterCMD [/A | /U] [/Q] [/D] [/E:ON | /E:OFF] [/F:ON | /F:OFF] [/V:ON | /V:OFF] [[/S] [/C | /K] string]/C Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates/K Carries out the command specified by string but remains/S Modifies the treatment of string after /C or /K (see below)/Q Turns echo off/D Disable execution of AutoRun commands from registry (see below)/A Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be ANSI/U Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be Unicode/T:fg Sets the foreground/background colors (see COLOR /? for more info)/E:ON Enable command extensions (see below)/E:OFF Disable command extensions (see below)/F:ON Enable file and directory name completion characters (see below)/F:OFF Disable file and directory name completion characters (see below)/V:ON Enable delayed environment variable expansion using ! as the delimiter. For example, /V:ON would allow !var! to expand the variable var at execution time. The %var% syntax expands variables at input time, which is quite a different thing when inside of a FOR loop./V:OFF Disable delayed environment expansion.Note that multiple commands separated by the command separator '&&'are accepted for string if surrounded by quotes. Also, for compatibilityreasons, /X is the same as /E:ON, /Y is the same as /E:OFF and /R is thesame as /C. Any other switches are ignored.If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line afterthe switch is processed as a command line, where the following logic isused to process quote (\") characters: 1. If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters on the command line are preserved: - no /S switch - exactly two quote characters - no special characters between the two quote characters, where special is one of: &()@^| - there are one or more whitespace characters between the two quote characters - the string between the two quote characters is the name of an executable file. 2. Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving any text after the last quote character. |
| 0x4000239A | If /D was NOT specified on the command line, then when CMD.EXE starts, itlooks for the following REG_SZ/REG_EXPAND_SZ registry variables, and ifeither or both are present, they are executed first. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\AutoRun and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\AutoRun |
If /D was NOT specified on the command line, then when CMD.EXE starts, itlooks for the following REG_SZ/REG_EXPAND_SZ registry variables, and ifeither or both are present, they are executed first. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\AutoRun and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\AutoRun |
| 0x4000239B | Command Extensions are enabled by default. You may also disableextensions for a particular invocation by using the /E:OFF switch. Youcan enable or disable extensions for all invocations of CMD.EXE on amachine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of thefollowing REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\EnableExtensions and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\EnableExtensionsto either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence overthe machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over theregistry settings.In a batch file, the SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS argumentstakes precedence over the /E:ON or /E:OFF switch. See SETLOCAL /? for details.The command extensions involve changes and/or additions to the followingcommands: DEL or ERASE COLOR CD or CHDIR MD or MKDIR PROMPT PUSHD POPD SET SETLOCAL ENDLOCAL IF FOR CALL SHIFT GOTO START (also includes changes to external command invocation) ASSOC FTYPETo get specific details, type commandname /? to view the specifics. |
Command Extensions are enabled by default. You may also disableextensions for a particular invocation by using the /E:OFF switch. Youcan enable or disable extensions for all invocations of CMD.EXE on amachine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of thefollowing REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\EnableExtensions and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\EnableExtensionsto either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence overthe machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over theregistry settings.In a batch file, the SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS argumentstakes precedence over the /E:ON or /E:OFF switch. See SETLOCAL /? for details.The command extensions involve changes and/or additions to the followingcommands: DEL or ERASE COLOR CD or CHDIR MD or MKDIR PROMPT PUSHD POPD SET SETLOCAL ENDLOCAL IF FOR CALL SHIFT GOTO START (also includes changes to external command invocation) ASSOC FTYPETo get specific details, type commandname /? to view the specifics. |
| 0x4000239C | Delayed environment variable expansion is NOT enabled by default. Youcan enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion for aparticular invocation of CMD.EXE with the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. Youcan enable or disable delayed expansion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on amachine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of thefollowing REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\DelayedExpansion and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\DelayedExpansionto either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence overthe machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over theregistry settings.In a batch file the SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION or DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSIONarguments takes precedence over the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. See SETLOCAL /?for details.If delayed environment variable expansion is enabled, then the exclamationcharacter can be used to substitute the value of an environment variableat execution time. |
Delayed environment variable expansion is NOT enabled by default. Youcan enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion for aparticular invocation of CMD.EXE with the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. Youcan enable or disable delayed expansion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on amachine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of thefollowing REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\DelayedExpansion and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\DelayedExpansionto either 0x1 or 0x0. The user specific setting takes precedence overthe machine setting. The command line switches take precedence over theregistry settings.In a batch file the SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION or DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSIONarguments takes precedence over the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. See SETLOCAL /?for details.If delayed environment variable expansion is enabled, then the exclamationcharacter can be used to substitute the value of an environment variableat execution time. |
| 0x4000239D | You can enable or disable file name completion for a particularinvocation of CMD.EXE with the /F:ON or /F:OFF switch. You can enableor disable completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/oruser logon session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORDvalues in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\CompletionChar HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\PathCompletionChar and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\CompletionChar HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\PathCompletionCharwith the hex value of a control character to use for a particularfunction (e.g. 0x4 is Ctrl-D and 0x6 is Ctrl-F). The user specificsettings take precedence over the machine settings. The command lineswitches take precedence over the registry settings.If completion is enabled with the /F:ON switch, the two controlcharacters used are Ctrl-D for directory name completion and Ctrl-F forfile name completion. To disable a particular completion character inthe registry, use the value for space (0x20) as it is not a validcontrol character. |
You can enable or disable file name completion for a particularinvocation of CMD.EXE with the /F:ON or /F:OFF switch. You can enableor disable completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/oruser logon session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORDvalues in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\CompletionChar HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\PathCompletionChar and/or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\CompletionChar HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Command Processor\\PathCompletionCharwith the hex value of a control character to use for a particularfunction (e.g. 0x4 is Ctrl-D and 0x6 is Ctrl-F). The user specificsettings take precedence over the machine settings. The command lineswitches take precedence over the registry settings.If completion is enabled with the /F:ON switch, the two controlcharacters used are Ctrl-D for directory name completion and Ctrl-F forfile name completion. To disable a particular completion character inthe registry, use the value for space (0x20) as it is not a validcontrol character. |
| 0x4000239E | Completion is invoked when you type either of the two controlcharacters. The completion function takes the path string to the leftof the cursor appends a wild card character to it if none is alreadypresent and builds up a list of paths that match. It then displays thefirst matching path. If no paths match, it just beeps and leaves thedisplay alone. Thereafter, repeated pressing of the same controlcharacter will cycle through the list of matching paths. Pressing theShift key with the control character will move through the listbackwards. If you edit the line in any way and press the controlcharacter again, the saved list of matching paths is discarded and a newone generated. The same occurs if you switch between file and directoryname completion. The only difference between the two control charactersis the file completion character matches both file and directory names,while the directory completion character only matches directory names.If file completion is used on any of the built in directory commands(CD, MD or RD) then directory completion is assumed.The completion code deals correctly with file names that contain spacesor other special characters by placing quotes around the matching path.Also, if you back up, then invoke completion from within a line, thetext to the right of the cursor at the point completion was invoked isdiscarded.The special characters that require quotes are: &()[]{}^=;!%'+,`~ |
Completion is invoked when you type either of the two controlcharacters. The completion function takes the path string to the leftof the cursor appends a wild card character to it if none is alreadypresent and builds up a list of paths that match. It then displays thefirst matching path. If no paths match, it just beeps and leaves thedisplay alone. Thereafter, repeated pressing of the same controlcharacter will cycle through the list of matching paths. Pressing theShift key with the control character will move through the listbackwards. If you edit the line in any way and press the controlcharacter again, the saved list of matching paths is discarded and a newone generated. The same occurs if you switch between file and directoryname completion. The only difference between the two control charactersis the file completion character matches both file and directory names,while the directory completion character only matches directory names.If file completion is used on any of the built in directory commands(CD, MD or RD) then directory completion is assumed.The completion code deals correctly with file names that contain spacesor other special characters by placing quotes around the matching path.Also, if you back up, then invoke completion from within a line, thetext to the right of the cursor at the point completion was invoked isdiscarded.The special characters that require quotes are: &()[]{}^=;!%'+,`~ |
| 0x4000239F | Command Processor Extensions Enabled |
Command Processor Extensions Enabled |
| 0x400023A0 | Command Processor Extensions enabled by default. Use CMD /? for details. |
Command Processor Extensions enabled by default. Use CMD /? for details. |
| 0x400023A1 | Deleted file - %1 |
Deleted file - %1 |
| 0x400023A2 | Displays or modifies file extension associationsASSOC [.ext[=[fileType]]] .ext Specifies the file extension to associate the file type with fileType Specifies the file type to associate with the file extensionType ASSOC without parameters to display the current file associations.If ASSOC is invoked with just a file extension, it displays the currentfile association for that file extension. Specify nothing for the filetype and the command will delete the association for the file extension. |
Displays or modifies file extension associationsASSOC [.ext[=[fileType]]] .ext Specifies the file extension to associate the file type with fileType Specifies the file type to associate with the file extensionType ASSOC without parameters to display the current file associations.If ASSOC is invoked with just a file extension, it displays the currentfile association for that file extension. Specify nothing for the filetype and the command will delete the association for the file extension. |
| 0x400023A3 | File association not found for extension %1 |
File association not found for extension %1 |
| 0x400023A4 | Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associationsFTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]] fileType Specifies the file type to examine or change openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files of this type.Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types thathave open command strings defined. FTYPE is invoked with just a filetype, it displays the current open command string for that file type.Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command willdelete the open command string for the file type. Within an opencommand string %%0 or %%1 are substituted with the file name beinglaunched through the assocation. %%* gets all the parameters and %%2gets the 1st parameter, %%3 the second, etc. %%~n gets all the remainingparameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9,inclusive. For example: ASSOC .pl=PerlScript FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %%1 %%*would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows: script.pl 1 2 3If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do thefollowing: set PATHEXT=.pl;%%PATHEXT%%and the script could be invoked as follows: script 1 2 3 |
Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associationsFTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]] fileType Specifies the file type to examine or change openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files of this type.Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types thathave open command strings defined. FTYPE is invoked with just a filetype, it displays the current open command string for that file type.Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command willdelete the open command string for the file type. Within an opencommand string %%0 or %%1 are substituted with the file name beinglaunched through the assocation. %%* gets all the parameters and %%2gets the 1st parameter, %%3 the second, etc. %%~n gets all the remainingparameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9,inclusive. For example: ASSOC .pl=PerlScript FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %%1 %%*would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows: script.pl 1 2 3If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do thefollowing: set PATHEXT=.pl;%%PATHEXT%%and the script could be invoked as follows: script 1 2 3 |
| 0x400023A5 | File type '%1' not found or no open command associated with it. |
File type '%1' not found or no open command associated with it. |
| 0x400023A6 | Invalid parameter to SETLOCAL command |
Invalid parameter to SETLOCAL command |
| 0x400023A7 | The restartable option to the COPY command is not supported bythis version of the operating system. |
The restartable option to the COPY command is not supported bythis version of the operating system. |
| 0x400023A8 | The following usage of the path operator in batch-parametersubstitution is invalid: %1For valid formats type CALL /? or FOR /? |
The following usage of the path operator in batch-parametersubstitution is invalid: %1For valid formats type CALL /? or FOR /? |
| 0x400023A9 | Environment variable %1 not defined |
Environment variable %1 not defined |
| 0x400023AA | Invalid attempt to call batch label outside of batch script. |
Invalid attempt to call batch label outside of batch script. |
| 0x400023AB | The system cannot find the batch label specified - %1 |
The system cannot find the batch label specified - %1 |
| 0x400023AC | The unicode output option to CMD.EXE is not supported by thisversion of the operating system. |
The unicode output option to CMD.EXE is not supported by thisversion of the operating system. |
| 0x400023AD | If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it showsyou only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find. |
If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it showsyou only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find. |
| 0x400023AE | If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:The current directory string is converted to use the same case asthe on disk names. So CD C:\\TEMP would actually set the currentdirectory to C:\\Temp if that is the case on disk.CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible toCD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surroundingthe name with quotes. For example: cd \\winnt\\profiles\\username\\programs\\start menuis the same as: cd \"\\winnt\\profiles\\username\\programs\\start menu\"which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled. |
If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:The current directory string is converted to use the same case asthe on disk names. So CD C:\\TEMP would actually set the currentdirectory to C:\\Temp if that is the case on disk.CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible toCD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surroundingthe name with quotes. For example: cd \\winnt\\profiles\\username\\programs\\start menuis the same as: cd \"\\winnt\\profiles\\username\\programs\\start menu\"which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled. |
| 0x400023AF | If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows:MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed.For example, assume \\a does not exist then: mkdir \\a\\b\\c\\dis the same as: mkdir \\a chdir \\a mkdir b chdir b mkdir c chdir c mkdir dwhich is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled. |
If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows:MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed.For example, assume \\a does not exist then: mkdir \\a\\b\\c\\dis the same as: mkdir \\a chdir \\a mkdir b chdir b mkdir c chdir c mkdir dwhich is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled. |
| 0x400023B0 | If Command Extensions are enabled the DATE command supportsthe /T switch which tells the command to just output thecurrent date, without prompting for a new date. |
If Command Extensions are enabled the DATE command supportsthe /T switch which tells the command to just output thecurrent date, without prompting for a new date. |
| 0x400023B1 | If Command Extensions are enabled the TIME command supportsthe /T switch which tells the command to just output thecurrent time, without prompting for a new time. |
If Command Extensions are enabled the TIME command supportsthe /T switch which tells the command to just output thecurrent time, without prompting for a new time. |
| 0x400023B2 | If Command Extensions are enabled the PROMPT command supportsthe following additional formatting characters: $+ zero or more plus sign (+) characters depending upon the depth of the PUSHD directory stack, one character for each level pushed. $M Displays the remote name associated with the current drive letter or the empty string if current drive is not a network drive. |
If Command Extensions are enabled the PROMPT command supportsthe following additional formatting characters: $+ zero or more plus sign (+) characters depending upon the depth of the PUSHD directory stack, one character for each level pushed. $M Displays the remote name associated with the current drive letter or the empty string if current drive is not a network drive. |
| 0x400023B3 | If Command Extensions are enabled the PUSHD command acceptsnetwork paths in addition to the normal drive letter and path.If a network path is specified, PUSHD will create a temporarydrive letter that points to that specified network resource andthen change the current drive and directory, using the newlydefined drive letter. Temporary drive letters are allocated fromZ: on down, using the first unused drive letter found. |
If Command Extensions are enabled the PUSHD command acceptsnetwork paths in addition to the normal drive letter and path.If a network path is specified, PUSHD will create a temporarydrive letter that points to that specified network resource andthen change the current drive and directory, using the newlydefined drive letter. Temporary drive letters are allocated fromZ: on down, using the first unused drive letter found. |
| 0x400023B4 | If Command Extensions are enabled the POPD command will deleteany temporary drive letter created by PUSHD when you POPD thatdrive off the pushed directory stack. |
If Command Extensions are enabled the POPD command will deleteany temporary drive letter created by PUSHD when you POPD thatdrive off the pushed directory stack. |
| 0x400023B5 | If Command Extensions are enabled SET changes as follows:SET command invoked with just a variable name, no equal sign or valuewill display the value of all variables whose prefix matches the namegiven to the SET command. For example: SET Pwould display all variables that begin with the letter 'P'SET command will set the ERRORLEVEL to 1 if the variable name is notfound in the current environment.SET command will not allow an equal sign to be part of the name ofa variable.Two new switches have been added to the SET command: SET /A expression SET /P variable=[promptString]The /A switch specifies that the string to the right of the equal signis a numerical expression that is evaluated. The expression evaluatoris pretty simple and supports the following operations, in decreasingorder of precedence: () - grouping ! ~ - - unary operators * / %% - arithmetic operators + - - arithmetic operators - logical shift & - bitwise and ^ - bitwise exclusive or | - bitwise or = *= /= %%= += -= - assignment &= ^= |= = , - expression separatorIf you use any of the logical or modulus operators, you will need toenclose the expression string in quotes. Any non-numeric strings in theexpression are treated as environment variable names whose values areconverted to numbers before using them. If an environment variable nameis specified but is not defined in the current environment, then a valueof zero is used. This allows you to do arithmetic with environmentvariable values without having to type all those %% signs to get theirvalues. If SET /A is executed from the command line outside of acommand script, then it displays the final value of the expression. Theassignment operator requires an environment variable name to the left ofthe assignment operator. Numeric values are decimal numbers, unlessprefixed by 0x for hexadecimal numbers, and 0 for octal numbers.So 0x12 is the same as 18 is the same as 022. Please note that the octalnotation can be confusing: 08 and 09 are not valid numbers because 8 and9 are not valid octal digits. |
If Command Extensions are enabled SET changes as follows:SET command invoked with just a variable name, no equal sign or valuewill display the value of all variables whose prefix matches the namegiven to the SET command. For example: SET Pwould display all variables that begin with the letter 'P'SET command will set the ERRORLEVEL to 1 if the variable name is notfound in the current environment.SET command will not allow an equal sign to be part of the name ofa variable.Two new switches have been added to the SET command: SET /A expression SET /P variable=[promptString]The /A switch specifies that the string to the right of the equal signis a numerical expression that is evaluated. The expression evaluatoris pretty simple and supports the following operations, in decreasingorder of precedence: () - grouping ! ~ - - unary operators * / %% - arithmetic operators + - - arithmetic operators - logical shift & - bitwise and ^ - bitwise exclusive or | - bitwise or = *= /= %%= += -= - assignment &= ^= |= = , - expression separatorIf you use any of the logical or modulus operators, you will need toenclose the expression string in quotes. Any non-numeric strings in theexpression are treated as environment variable names whose values areconverted to numbers before using them. If an environment variable nameis specified but is not defined in the current environment, then a valueof zero is used. This allows you to do arithmetic with environmentvariable values without having to type all those %% signs to get theirvalues. If SET /A is executed from the command line outside of acommand script, then it displays the final value of the expression. Theassignment operator requires an environment variable name to the left ofthe assignment operator. Numeric values are decimal numbers, unlessprefixed by 0x for hexadecimal numbers, and 0 for octal numbers.So 0x12 is the same as 18 is the same as 022. Please note that the octalnotation can be confusing: 08 and 09 are not valid numbers because 8 and9 are not valid octal digits. |
| 0x400023B6 | The /P switch allows you to set the value of a variable to a line of inputentered by the user. Displays the specified promptString before readingthe line of input. The promptString can be empty.Environment variable substitution has been enhanced as follows: %%PATH:str1=str2%%would expand the PATH environment variable, substituting each occurrenceof \"str1\" in the expanded result with \"str2\". \"str2\" can be the emptystring to effectively delete all occurrences of \"str1\" from the expandedoutput. \"str1\" can begin with an asterisk, in which case it will matcheverything from the beginning of the expanded output to the firstoccurrence of the remaining portion of str1.May also specify substrings for an expansion. %%PATH:~10,5%%would expand the PATH environment variable, and then use only the 5characters that begin at the 11th (offset 10) character of the expandedresult. If the length is not specified, then it defaults to theremainder of the variable value. If either number (offset or length) isnegative, then the number used is the length of the environment variablevalue added to the offset or length specified. %%PATH:~-10%%would extract the last 10 characters of the PATH variable. %%PATH:~0,-2%%would extract all but the last 2 characters of the PATH variable. |
The /P switch allows you to set the value of a variable to a line of inputentered by the user. Displays the specified promptString before readingthe line of input. The promptString can be empty.Environment variable substitution has been enhanced as follows: %%PATH:str1=str2%%would expand the PATH environment variable, substituting each occurrenceof \"str1\" in the expanded result with \"str2\". \"str2\" can be the emptystring to effectively delete all occurrences of \"str1\" from the expandedoutput. \"str1\" can begin with an asterisk, in which case it will matcheverything from the beginning of the expanded output to the firstoccurrence of the remaining portion of str1.May also specify substrings for an expansion. %%PATH:~10,5%%would expand the PATH environment variable, and then use only the 5characters that begin at the 11th (offset 10) character of the expandedresult. If the length is not specified, then it defaults to theremainder of the variable value. If either number (offset or length) isnegative, then the number used is the length of the environment variablevalue added to the offset or length specified. %%PATH:~-10%%would extract the last 10 characters of the PATH variable. %%PATH:~0,-2%%would extract all but the last 2 characters of the PATH variable. |
| 0x400023B7 | Finally, support for delayed environment variable expansion has beenadded. This support is always disabled by default, but may beenabled/disabled via the /V command line switch to CMD.EXE. See CMD /?Delayed environment variable expansion is useful for getting aroundthe limitations of the current expansion which happens when a lineof text is read, not when it is executed. The following exampledemonstrates the problem with immediate variable expansion: set VAR=before if \"%%VAR%%\" == \"before\" ( set VAR=after if \"%%VAR%%\" == \"after\" @echo If you see this, it worked )would never display the message, since the %%VAR%% in BOTH IF statementsis substituted when the first IF statement is read, since it logicallyincludes the body of the IF, which is a compound statement. So theIF inside the compound statement is really comparing \"before\" with\"after\" which will never be equal. Similarly, the following examplewill not work as expected: set LIST= for %%i in (*) do set LIST=%%LIST%% %%i echo %%LIST%%in that it will NOT build up a list of files in the current directory,but instead will just set the LIST variable to the last file found.Again, this is because the %%LIST%% is expanded just once when theFOR statement is read, and at that time the LIST variable is empty.So the actual FOR loop we are executing is: for %%i in (*) do set LIST= %%iwhich just keeps setting LIST to the last file found.Delayed environment variable expansion allows you to use a differentcharacter (the exclamation mark) to expand environment variables atexecution time. If delayed variable expansion is enabled, the aboveexamples could be written as follows to work as intended: set VAR=before if \"%%VAR%%\" == \"before\" ( set VAR=after if \"!VAR!\" == \"after\" @echo If you see this, it worked ) set LIST= for %%i in (*) do set LIST=!LIST! %%i echo %%LIST%% |
Finally, support for delayed environment variable expansion has beenadded. This support is always disabled by default, but may beenabled/disabled via the /V command line switch to CMD.EXE. See CMD /?Delayed environment variable expansion is useful for getting aroundthe limitations of the current expansion which happens when a lineof text is read, not when it is executed. The following exampledemonstrates the problem with immediate variable expansion: set VAR=before if \"%%VAR%%\" == \"before\" ( set VAR=after if \"%%VAR%%\" == \"after\" @echo If you see this, it worked )would never display the message, since the %%VAR%% in BOTH IF statementsis substituted when the first IF statement is read, since it logicallyincludes the body of the IF, which is a compound statement. So theIF inside the compound statement is really comparing \"before\" with\"after\" which will never be equal. Similarly, the following examplewill not work as expected: set LIST= for %%i in (*) do set LIST=%%LIST%% %%i echo %%LIST%%in that it will NOT build up a list of files in the current directory,but instead will just set the LIST variable to the last file found.Again, this is because the %%LIST%% is expanded just once when theFOR statement is read, and at that time the LIST variable is empty.So the actual FOR loop we are executing is: for %%i in (*) do set LIST= %%iwhich just keeps setting LIST to the last file found.Delayed environment variable expansion allows you to use a differentcharacter (the exclamation mark) to expand environment variables atexecution time. If delayed variable expansion is enabled, the aboveexamples could be written as follows to work as intended: set VAR=before if \"%%VAR%%\" == \"before\" ( set VAR=after if \"!VAR!\" == \"after\" @echo If you see this, it worked ) set LIST= for %%i in (*) do set LIST=!LIST! %%i echo %%LIST%% |
| 0x400023B8 | If Command Extensions are enabled, then there are several dynamicenvironment variables that can be expanded but which don't show up inthe list of variables displayed by SET. These variable values arecomputed dynamically each time the value of the variable is expanded.If the user explicitly defines a variable with one of these names, thenthat definition will override the dynamic one described below:%%CD%% - expands to the current directory string.%%DATE%% - expands to current date using same format as DATE command.%%TIME%% - expands to current time using same format as TIME command.%%RANDOM%% - expands to a random decimal number between 0 and 32767.%%ERRORLEVEL%% - expands to the current ERRORLEVEL value%%CMDEXTVERSION%% - expands to the current Command Processor Extensions version number.%%CMDCMDLINE%% - expands to the original command line that invoked the Command Processor.%%HIGHESTNUMANODENUMBER%% - expands to the highest NUMA node number on this machine. |
If Command Extensions are enabled, then there are several dynamicenvironment variables that can be expanded but which don't show up inthe list of variables displayed by SET. These variable values arecomputed dynamically each time the value of the variable is expanded.If the user explicitly defines a variable with one of these names, thenthat definition will override the dynamic one described below:%%CD%% - expands to the current directory string.%%DATE%% - expands to current date using same format as DATE command.%%TIME%% - expands to current time using same format as TIME command.%%RANDOM%% - expands to a random decimal number between 0 and 32767.%%ERRORLEVEL%% - expands to the current ERRORLEVEL value%%CMDEXTVERSION%% - expands to the current Command Processor Extensions version number.%%CMDCMDLINE%% - expands to the original command line that invoked the Command Processor.%%HIGHESTNUMANODENUMBER%% - expands to the highest NUMA node number on this machine. |
| 0x400023B9 | If Command Extensions are enabled GOTO changes as follows:GOTO command now accepts a target label of :EOF which transfers controlto the end of the current batch script file. This is an easy way toexit a batch script file without defining a label. Type CALL /? for adescription of extensions to the CALL command that make this featureuseful. |
If Command Extensions are enabled GOTO changes as follows:GOTO command now accepts a target label of :EOF which transfers controlto the end of the current batch script file. This is an easy way toexit a batch script file without defining a label. Type CALL /? for adescription of extensions to the CALL command that make this featureuseful. |
| 0x400023BA | If Command Extensions are enabled the SHIFT command supportsthe /n switch which tells the command to start shifting at thenth argument, where n may be between zero and eight. For example: SHIFT /2would shift %%3 to %%2, %%4 to %%3, etc. and leave %%0 and %%1 unaffected. |
If Command Extensions are enabled the SHIFT command supportsthe /n switch which tells the command to start shifting at thenth argument, where n may be between zero and eight. For example: SHIFT /2would shift %%3 to %%2, %%4 to %%3, etc. and leave %%0 and %%1 unaffected. |
| 0x400023BB | If Command Extensions are enabled CALL changes as follows:CALL command now accepts labels as the target of the CALL. The syntaxis: CALL :label argumentsA new batch file context is created with the specified arguments andcontrol is passed to the statement after the label specified. You must\"exit\" twice by reaching the end of the batch script file twice. Thefirst time you read the end, control will return to just after the CALLstatement. The second time will exit the batch script. Type GOTO /?for a description of the GOTO :EOF extension that will allow you to\"return\" from a batch script.In addition, expansion of batch script argument references (%%0, %%1,etc.) have been changed as follows: %%* in a batch script refers to all the arguments (e.g. %%1 %%2 %%3 %%4 %%5 ...) Substitution of batch parameters (%%n) has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional syntax: %%~1 - expands %%1 removing any surrounding quotes (\") %%~f1 - expands %%1 to a fully qualified path name %%~d1 - expands %%1 to a drive letter only %%~p1 - expands %%1 to a path only %%~n1 - expands %%1 to a file name only %%~x1 - expands %%1 to a file extension only %%~s1 - expanded path contains short names only %%~a1 - expands %%1 to file attributes %%~t1 - expands %%1 to date/time of file %%~z1 - expands %%1 to size of file %%~$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %%1 to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty string |
If Command Extensions are enabled CALL changes as follows:CALL command now accepts labels as the target of the CALL. The syntaxis: CALL :label argumentsA new batch file context is created with the specified arguments andcontrol is passed to the statement after the label specified. You must\"exit\" twice by reaching the end of the batch script file twice. Thefirst time you read the end, control will return to just after the CALLstatement. The second time will exit the batch script. Type GOTO /?for a description of the GOTO :EOF extension that will allow you to\"return\" from a batch script.In addition, expansion of batch script argument references (%%0, %%1,etc.) have been changed as follows: %%* in a batch script refers to all the arguments (e.g. %%1 %%2 %%3 %%4 %%5 ...) Substitution of batch parameters (%%n) has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional syntax: %%~1 - expands %%1 removing any surrounding quotes (\") %%~f1 - expands %%1 to a fully qualified path name %%~d1 - expands %%1 to a drive letter only %%~p1 - expands %%1 to a path only %%~n1 - expands %%1 to a file name only %%~x1 - expands %%1 to a file extension only %%~s1 - expanded path contains short names only %%~a1 - expands %%1 to file attributes %%~t1 - expands %%1 to date/time of file %%~z1 - expands %%1 to size of file %%~$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %%1 to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty string |
| 0x400023BC | The modifiers can be combined to get compound results: %%~dp1 - expands %%1 to a drive letter and path only %%~nx1 - expands %%1 to a file name and extension only %%~dp$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %%1 and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found. %%~ftza1 - expands %%1 to a DIR like output line In the above examples %%1 and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %%~ syntax is terminated by a valid argument number. The %%~ modifiers may not be used with %%* |
The modifiers can be combined to get compound results: %%~dp1 - expands %%1 to a drive letter and path only %%~nx1 - expands %%1 to a file name and extension only %%~dp$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %%1 and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found. %%~ftza1 - expands %%1 to a DIR like output line In the above examples %%1 and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %%~ syntax is terminated by a valid argument number. The %%~ modifiers may not be used with %%* |
| 0x400023BD | If Command Extensions are enabled SETLOCAL changes as follows:SETLOCAL batch command now accepts optional arguments: ENABLEEXTENSIONS / DISABLEEXTENSIONS enable or disable command processor extensions. These arguments takes precedence over the CMD /E:ON or /E:OFF switches. See CMD /? for details. ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION / DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion. These arguments takes precedence over the CMD /V:ON or /V:OFF switches. See CMD /? for details.These modifications last until the matching ENDLOCAL command,regardless of their setting prior to the SETLOCAL command.The SETLOCAL command will set the ERRORLEVEL value if givenan argument. It will be zero if one of the two valid argumentsis given and one otherwise. You can use this in batch scriptsto determine if the extensions are available, using the followingtechnique: VERIFY OTHER 2nul SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS IF ERRORLEVEL 1 echo Unable to enable extensionsThis works because on old versions of CMD.EXE, SETLOCAL does NOTset the ERRORLEVEL value. The VERIFY command with a bad argumentinitializes the ERRORLEVEL value to a non-zero value. |
If Command Extensions are enabled SETLOCAL changes as follows:SETLOCAL batch command now accepts optional arguments: ENABLEEXTENSIONS / DISABLEEXTENSIONS enable or disable command processor extensions. These arguments takes precedence over the CMD /E:ON or /E:OFF switches. See CMD /? for details. ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION / DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion. These arguments takes precedence over the CMD /V:ON or /V:OFF switches. See CMD /? for details.These modifications last until the matching ENDLOCAL command,regardless of their setting prior to the SETLOCAL command.The SETLOCAL command will set the ERRORLEVEL value if givenan argument. It will be zero if one of the two valid argumentsis given and one otherwise. You can use this in batch scriptsto determine if the extensions are available, using the followingtechnique: VERIFY OTHER 2nul SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS IF ERRORLEVEL 1 echo Unable to enable extensionsThis works because on old versions of CMD.EXE, SETLOCAL does NOTset the ERRORLEVEL value. The VERIFY command with a bad argumentinitializes the ERRORLEVEL value to a non-zero value. |
| 0x400023BE | If Command Extensions are enabled ENDLOCAL changes as follows:If the corresponding SETLOCAL enable or disabled command extensionsusing the new ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS options, thenafter the ENDLOCAL, the enabled/disabled state of command extensionswill be restored to what it was prior to the matching SETLOCALcommand execution. |
If Command Extensions are enabled ENDLOCAL changes as follows:If the corresponding SETLOCAL enable or disabled command extensionsusing the new ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS options, thenafter the ENDLOCAL, the enabled/disabled state of command extensionswill be restored to what it was prior to the matching SETLOCALcommand execution. |
| 0x400023BF | If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocationthrough the command line or the START command changes as follows:non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension). See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these associations from within a command script.When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to the command prompt. This new behavior does NOT occur if executing within a command script.When executing a command line whose first token is the string \"CMD \" without an extension or path qualifier, then \"CMD\" is replaced with the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE from the current directory.When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT environment variable to determine which extensions to look for and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable is: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with semicolons separating the different elements.When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension,then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, theSTART command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from thecommand line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path. |
If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocationthrough the command line or the START command changes as follows:non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension). See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these associations from within a command script.When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to the command prompt. This new behavior does NOT occur if executing within a command script.When executing a command line whose first token is the string \"CMD \" without an extension or path qualifier, then \"CMD\" is replaced with the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE from the current directory.When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT environment variable to determine which extensions to look for and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable is: .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with semicolons separating the different elements.When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension,then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, theSTART command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from thecommand line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path. |
| 0x400023C0 | If Command Extensions are enabled, and running on the Windowsplatform, then the BREAK command will enter a hard coded breakpointif being debugged by a debugger. |
If Command Extensions are enabled, and running on the Windowsplatform, then the BREAK command will enter a hard coded breakpointif being debugged by a debugger. |
| 0x400023C1 | If Command Extensions are enabled, the following additionalforms of the FOR command are supported:FOR /D %%variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory names instead of file names.FOR /R [[drive:]path] %%variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] Walks the directory tree rooted at [drive:]path, executing the FOR statement in each directory of the tree. If no directory specification is specified after /R then the current directory is assumed. If set is just a single period (.) character then it will just enumerate the directory tree.FOR /L %%variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters] The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount. So (1,1,5) would generate the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) would generate the sequence (5 4 3 2 1)FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (\"string\") DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN ('command') DO command [command-parameters] or, if usebackq option present:FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN ('string') DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (`command`) DO command [command-parameters] file-set is one or more file names. Each file is opened, read and processed before going on to the next file in file-set. Processing consists of reading in the file, breaking it up into individual lines of text and then parsing each line into zero or more tokens. The body of the for loop is then called with the variable value(s) set to the found token string(s). By default, /F passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file. Blank lines are skipped. You can override the default parsing behavior by specifying the optional \"options\" parameter. This is a quoted string which contains one or more keywords to specify different parsing options. The keywords are: |
If Command Extensions are enabled, the following additionalforms of the FOR command are supported:FOR /D %%variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory names instead of file names.FOR /R [[drive:]path] %%variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters] Walks the directory tree rooted at [drive:]path, executing the FOR statement in each directory of the tree. If no directory specification is specified after /R then the current directory is assumed. If set is just a single period (.) character then it will just enumerate the directory tree.FOR /L %%variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters] The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount. So (1,1,5) would generate the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) would generate the sequence (5 4 3 2 1)FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (\"string\") DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN ('command') DO command [command-parameters] or, if usebackq option present:FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN ('string') DO command [command-parameters]FOR /F [\"options\"] %%variable IN (`command`) DO command [command-parameters] file-set is one or more file names. Each file is opened, read and processed before going on to the next file in file-set. Processing consists of reading in the file, breaking it up into individual lines of text and then parsing each line into zero or more tokens. The body of the for loop is then called with the variable value(s) set to the found token string(s). By default, /F passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file. Blank lines are skipped. You can override the default parsing behavior by specifying the optional \"options\" parameter. This is a quoted string which contains one or more keywords to specify different parsing options. The keywords are: |
| 0x400023C2 | eol=c - specifies an end of line comment character (just one) skip=n - specifies the number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file. delims=xxx - specifies a delimiter set. This replaces the default delimiter set of space and tab. tokens=x,y,m-n - specifies which tokens from each line are to be passed to the for body for each iteration. This will cause additional variable names to be allocated. The m-n form is a range, specifying the mth through the nth tokens. If the last character in the tokens= string is an asterisk, then an additional variable is allocated and receives the remaining text on the line after the last token parsed. usebackq - specifies that the new semantics are in force, where a back quoted string is executed as a command and a single quoted string is a literal string command and allows the use of double quotes to quote file names in file-set. Some examples might help:FOR /F \"eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, \" %%i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %%i %%j %%k |
eol=c - specifies an end of line comment character (just one) skip=n - specifies the number of lines to skip at the beginning of the file. delims=xxx - specifies a delimiter set. This replaces the default delimiter set of space and tab. tokens=x,y,m-n - specifies which tokens from each line are to be passed to the for body for each iteration. This will cause additional variable names to be allocated. The m-n form is a range, specifying the mth through the nth tokens. If the last character in the tokens= string is an asterisk, then an additional variable is allocated and receives the remaining text on the line after the last token parsed. usebackq - specifies that the new semantics are in force, where a back quoted string is executed as a command and a single quoted string is a literal string command and allows the use of double quotes to quote file names in file-set. Some examples might help:FOR /F \"eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, \" %%i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %%i %%j %%k |
| 0x400023C3 | would parse each line in myfile.txt, ignoring lines that begin with a semicolon, passing the 2nd and 3rd token from each line to the for body, with tokens delimited by commas and/or spaces. Notice the for body statements reference %%i to get the 2nd token, %%j to get the 3rd token, and %%k to get all remaining tokens after the 3rd. For file names that contain spaces, you need to quote the filenames with double quotes. In order to use double quotes in this manner, you also need to use the usebackq option, otherwise the double quotes will be interpreted as defining a literal string to parse. %%i is explicitly declared in the for statement and the %%j and %%k are implicitly declared via the tokens= option. You can specify up to 26 tokens via the tokens= line, provided it does not cause an attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter 'z' or 'Z'. Remember, FOR variables are single-letter, case sensitive, global, and you can't have more than 52 total active at any one time. You can also use the FOR /F parsing logic on an immediate string, by making the file-set between the parenthesis a quoted string, using single quote characters. It will be treated as a single line of input from a file and parsed. Finally, you can use the FOR /F command to parse the output of a command. You do this by making the file-set between the parenthesis a back quoted string. It will be treated as a command line, which is passed to a child CMD.EXE and the output is captured into memory and parsed as if it was a file. So the following example: FOR /F \"usebackq delims==\" %%i IN (`set`) DO @echo %%i would enumerate the environment variable names in the current environment. |
would parse each line in myfile.txt, ignoring lines that begin with a semicolon, passing the 2nd and 3rd token from each line to the for body, with tokens delimited by commas and/or spaces. Notice the for body statements reference %%i to get the 2nd token, %%j to get the 3rd token, and %%k to get all remaining tokens after the 3rd. For file names that contain spaces, you need to quote the filenames with double quotes. In order to use double quotes in this manner, you also need to use the usebackq option, otherwise the double quotes will be interpreted as defining a literal string to parse. %%i is explicitly declared in the for statement and the %%j and %%k are implicitly declared via the tokens= option. You can specify up to 26 tokens via the tokens= line, provided it does not cause an attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter 'z' or 'Z'. Remember, FOR variables are single-letter, case sensitive, global, and you can't have more than 52 total active at any one time. You can also use the FOR /F parsing logic on an immediate string, by making the file-set between the parenthesis a quoted string, using single quote characters. It will be treated as a single line of input from a file and parsed. Finally, you can use the FOR /F command to parse the output of a command. You do this by making the file-set between the parenthesis a back quoted string. It will be treated as a command line, which is passed to a child CMD.EXE and the output is captured into memory and parsed as if it was a file. So the following example: FOR /F \"usebackq delims==\" %%i IN (`set`) DO @echo %%i would enumerate the environment variable names in the current environment. |
| 0x400023C4 | In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced.You can now use the following optional syntax: %%~I - expands %%I removing any surrounding quotes (\") %%~fI - expands %%I to a fully qualified path name %%~dI - expands %%I to a drive letter only %%~pI - expands %%I to a path only %%~nI - expands %%I to a file name only %%~xI - expands %%I to a file extension only %%~sI - expanded path contains short names only %%~aI - expands %%I to file attributes of file %%~tI - expands %%I to date/time of file %%~zI - expands %%I to size of file %%~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %%I to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty stringThe modifiers can be combined to get compound results: %%~dpI - expands %%I to a drive letter and path only %%~nxI - expands %%I to a file name and extension only %%~fsI - expands %%I to a full path name with short names only %%~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %%I and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found. %%~ftzaI - expands %%I to a DIR like output lineIn the above examples %%I and PATH can be replaced by other validvalues. The %%~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name.Picking upper case variable names like %%I makes it more readable andavoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive. |
In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced.You can now use the following optional syntax: %%~I - expands %%I removing any surrounding quotes (\") %%~fI - expands %%I to a fully qualified path name %%~dI - expands %%I to a drive letter only %%~pI - expands %%I to a path only %%~nI - expands %%I to a file name only %%~xI - expands %%I to a file extension only %%~sI - expanded path contains short names only %%~aI - expands %%I to file attributes of file %%~tI - expands %%I to date/time of file %%~zI - expands %%I to size of file %%~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable and expands %%I to the fully qualified name of the first one found. If the environment variable name is not defined or the file is not found by the search, then this modifier expands to the empty stringThe modifiers can be combined to get compound results: %%~dpI - expands %%I to a drive letter and path only %%~nxI - expands %%I to a file name and extension only %%~fsI - expands %%I to a full path name with short names only %%~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH environment variable for %%I and expands to the drive letter and path of the first one found. %%~ftzaI - expands %%I to a DIR like output lineIn the above examples %%I and PATH can be replaced by other validvalues. The %%~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name.Picking upper case variable names like %%I makes it more readable andavoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive. |
| 0x400023C5 | If Command Extensions are enabled IF changes as follows: IF [/I] string1 compare-op string2 command IF CMDEXTVERSION number command IF DEFINED variable commandwhere compare-op may be one of: EQU - equal NEQ - not equal LSS - less than LEQ - less than or equal GTR - greater than GEQ - greater than or equaland the /I switch, if specified, says to do case insensitive stringcompares. The /I switch can also be used on the string1==string2 formof IF. These comparisons are generic, in that if both string1 andstring2 are both comprised of all numeric digits, then the strings areconverted to numbers and a numeric comparison is performed.The CMDEXTVERSION conditional works just like ERRORLEVEL, except it iscomparing against an internal version number associated with the CommandExtensions. The first version is 1. It will be incremented by one whensignificant enhancements are added to the Command Extensions.CMDEXTVERSION conditional is never true when Command Extensions aredisabled.The DEFINED conditional works just like EXIST except it takes anenvironment variable name and returns true if the environment variableis defined. |
If Command Extensions are enabled IF changes as follows: IF [/I] string1 compare-op string2 command IF CMDEXTVERSION number command IF DEFINED variable commandwhere compare-op may be one of: EQU - equal NEQ - not equal LSS - less than LEQ - less than or equal GTR - greater than GEQ - greater than or equaland the /I switch, if specified, says to do case insensitive stringcompares. The /I switch can also be used on the string1==string2 formof IF. These comparisons are generic, in that if both string1 andstring2 are both comprised of all numeric digits, then the strings areconverted to numbers and a numeric comparison is performed.The CMDEXTVERSION conditional works just like ERRORLEVEL, except it iscomparing against an internal version number associated with the CommandExtensions. The first version is 1. It will be incremented by one whensignificant enhancements are added to the Command Extensions.CMDEXTVERSION conditional is never true when Command Extensions aredisabled.The DEFINED conditional works just like EXIST except it takes anenvironment variable name and returns true if the environment variableis defined. |
| 0x400023C6 | %%ERRORLEVEL%% will expand into a string representation ofthe current value of ERRORLEVEL, provided that there is not alreadyan environment variable with the name ERRORLEVEL, in which case youwill get its value instead. After running a program, the followingillustrates ERRORLEVEL use: goto answer%%ERRORLEVEL%% :answer0 echo Program had return code 0 :answer1 echo Program had return code 1You can also use numerical comparisons above: IF %%ERRORLEVEL%% LEQ 1 goto okay%%CMDCMDLINE%% will expand into the original command line passed toCMD.EXE prior to any processing by CMD.EXE, provided that there is notalready an environment variable with the name CMDCMDLINE, in which caseyou will get its value instead.%%CMDEXTVERSION%% will expand into a string representation of thecurrent value of CMDEXTVERSION, provided that there is not alreadyan environment variable with the name CMDEXTVERSION, in which case youwill get its value instead. |
%%ERRORLEVEL%% will expand into a string representation ofthe current value of ERRORLEVEL, provided that there is not alreadyan environment variable with the name ERRORLEVEL, in which case youwill get its value instead. After running a program, the followingillustrates ERRORLEVEL use: goto answer%%ERRORLEVEL%% :answer0 echo Program had return code 0 :answer1 echo Program had return code 1You can also use numerical comparisons above: IF %%ERRORLEVEL%% LEQ 1 goto okay%%CMDCMDLINE%% will expand into the original command line passed toCMD.EXE prior to any processing by CMD.EXE, provided that there is notalready an environment variable with the name CMDCMDLINE, in which caseyou will get its value instead.%%CMDEXTVERSION%% will expand into a string representation of thecurrent value of CMDEXTVERSION, provided that there is not alreadyan environment variable with the name CMDEXTVERSION, in which case youwill get its value instead. |
| 0x400023C7 | Enables or disables command line editing on DOS systemThis is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effectunder Windows, as command line editing is always enabled. |
Enables or disables command line editing on DOS systemThis is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effectunder Windows, as command line editing is always enabled. |
| 0x400023C8 | '%1'CMD.EXE was started with the above path as the current directory.UNC paths are not supported. Defaulting to Windows directory. |
'%1'CMD.EXE was started with the above path as the current directory.UNC paths are not supported. Defaulting to Windows directory. |
| 0x400023C9 | '%1'CMD does not support UNC paths as current directories. |
'%1'CMD does not support UNC paths as current directories. |
| 0x400023CA | UNC paths not supported for current directory. Using PUSHD %1to create temporary drive letter to support UNC currentdirectory. Use POPD or EXIT to delete temporary driveletter. |
UNC paths not supported for current directory. Using PUSHD %1to create temporary drive letter to support UNC currentdirectory. Use POPD or EXIT to delete temporary driveletter. |
| 0x400023CB | Invalid parameter to SHIFT command |
Invalid parameter to SHIFT command |
| 0x400023CC | Unbalanced parenthesis. |
Unbalanced parenthesis. |
| 0x400023CD | Missing operand. |
Missing operand. |
| 0x400023CE | Missing operator. |
Missing operator. |
| 0x400023CF | Invalid number. Numeric constants are either decimal (17),hexadecimal (0x11), or octal (021). |
Invalid number. Numeric constants are either decimal (17),hexadecimal (0x11), or octal (021). |
| 0x400023D0 | Invalid number. Numbers are limited to 32-bits of precision. |
Invalid number. Numbers are limited to 32-bits of precision. |
| 0x400023D1 | Divide by zero error. |
Divide by zero error. |
| 0x400023D2 | The COMSPEC environment variable does not point to CMD.EXE. |
The COMSPEC environment variable does not point to CMD.EXE. |
| 0x400023D3 | Overwrite %1? (Yes/No/All): %0 |
Overwrite %1? (Yes/No/All): %0 |
| 0x400023D4 | NYA%0 |
NYA%0 |
| 0x400023D5 | %0 |
%0 |
| 0x400023D8 | The directory name %1\\%2 is too long. |
The directory name %1\\%2 is too long. |
| 0x400023D9 | The full path of %1 is too long. |
The full path of %1 is too long. |
| 0x400023DA | The path %1\\%2 is too long. |
The path %1\\%2 is too long. |
| 0x400023DB | The FTYPE %1 is too long. |
The FTYPE %1 is too long. |
| 0x400023DC | Unable to find library %1. |
Unable to find library %1. |
| 0x400023DD | Cannot find function %1!S!:%2!S!. |
Cannot find function %1!S!:%2!S!. |
| 0x400023DE | Cannot find ordinal %1!S!:%2!d!. |
Cannot find ordinal %1!S!:%2!d!. |
| 0x400023DF | The command line is too long. |
The command line is too long. |
| 0x400023E0 | The file %1 was copied, but CMD is unable to reset theREAD_ONLY attribute. |
The file %1 was copied, but CMD is unable to reset theREAD_ONLY attribute. |
| 0x40002711 | File Not Found |
File Not Found |
| 0x40002712 | Could Not Find %1 |
Could Not Find %1 |
| 0x40002713 | The FAT File System only support Last Write Times |
The FAT File System only support Last Write Times |
| 0x40002714 | Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. Environmentchanges made after SETLOCAL has been issued are local to the batch file.ENDLOCAL must be issued to restore the previous settings. When the endof a batch script is reached, an implied ENDLOCAL is executed for anyoutstanding SETLOCAL commands issued by that batch script.SETLOCAL |
Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. Environmentchanges made after SETLOCAL has been issued are local to the batch file.ENDLOCAL must be issued to restore the previous settings. When the endof a batch script is reached, an implied ENDLOCAL is executed for anyoutstanding SETLOCAL commands issued by that batch script.SETLOCAL |
| 0x40002715 | Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.Environment changes made after ENDLOCAL has been issued arenot local to the batch file; the previous settings are notrestored on termination of the batch file.ENDLOCAL |
Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.Environment changes made after ENDLOCAL has been issued arenot local to the batch file; the previous settings are notrestored on termination of the batch file.ENDLOCAL |
| 0x40002716 | Sets the window title for the command prompt window.TITLE [string] string Specifies the title for the command prompt window. |
Sets the window title for the command prompt window.TITLE [string] string Specifies the title for the command prompt window. |
| 0x40002717 | Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they werein the current directory.APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]APPEND ; [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies the appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting up your system.Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list.Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list. |
Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they werein the current directory.APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]APPEND ; [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies the appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting up your system.Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list.Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list. |
| 0x40002718 | Moves files and renames files and directories.To move one or more files:MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destinationTo rename a directory:MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2 [drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file or files you want to move. destination Specifies the new location of the file. Destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, or a combination. If you are moving only one file, you can also include a filename if you want to rename the file when you move it. [drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename. dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file.The switch /Y may be present in the COPYCMD environment variable.This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default isto prompt on overwrites unless MOVE command is being executed fromwithin a batch script. |
Moves files and renames files and directories.To move one or more files:MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destinationTo rename a directory:MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2 [drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file or files you want to move. destination Specifies the new location of the file. Destination can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory name, or a combination. If you are moving only one file, you can also include a filename if you want to rename the file when you move it. [drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename. dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file.The switch /Y may be present in the COPYCMD environment variable.This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line. Default isto prompt on overwrites unless MOVE command is being executed fromwithin a batch script. |
| 0x40002719 | Stores the current directory for use by the POPD command, thenchanges to the specified directory.PUSHD [path | ..] path Specifies the directory to make the current directory. |
Stores the current directory for use by the POPD command, thenchanges to the specified directory.PUSHD [path | ..] path Specifies the directory to make the current directory. |
| 0x4000271A | Changes to the directory stored by the PUSHD command.POPD |
Changes to the directory stored by the PUSHD command.POPD |
| 0x4000271B | %1 - %0 |
%1 - %0 |
| 0x4000271C | Maximum setlocal recursion level reached. |
Maximum setlocal recursion level reached. |
| 0x4000271D | Enter the new date: (yy-mm-dd) %0 |
Enter the new date: (yy-mm-dd) %0 |
| 0x4000271E | Enter the new date: (dd-mm-yy) %0 |
Enter the new date: (dd-mm-yy) %0 |
| 0x4000271F | ERROR Verify - %1 |
ERROR Verify - %1 |
| 0x40002720 | Cannot move multiple files to a single file. |
Cannot move multiple files to a single file. |
| 0x40002721 | The handle could not be openedduring redirection of handle %1. |
The handle could not be openedduring redirection of handle %1. |
| 0x40002722 | %r%1%% copied %0 |
%r%1%% copied %0 |
| 0x40002723 | Sets the default console foreground and background colors.COLOR [attr] attr Specifies color attribute of console outputColor attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the firstcorresponds to the background; the second the foreground. Each digitcan be any of the following values: 0 = Black 8 = Gray 1 = Blue 9 = Light Blue 2 = Green A = Light Green 3 = Aqua B = Light Aqua 4 = Red C = Light Red 5 = Purple D = Light Purple 6 = Yellow E = Light Yellow 7 = White F = Bright WhiteIf no argument is given, this command restores the color to what it waswhen CMD.EXE started. This value either comes from the current consolewindow, the /T command line switch or from the DefaultColor registryvalue.The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to executethe COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are thesame.Example: \"COLOR fc\" produces light red on bright white |
Sets the default console foreground and background colors.COLOR [attr] attr Specifies color attribute of console outputColor attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the firstcorresponds to the background; the second the foreground. Each digitcan be any of the following values: 0 = Black 8 = Gray 1 = Blue 9 = Light Blue 2 = Green A = Light Green 3 = Aqua B = Light Aqua 4 = Red C = Light Red 5 = Purple D = Light Purple 6 = Yellow E = Light Yellow 7 = White F = Bright WhiteIf no argument is given, this command restores the color to what it waswhen CMD.EXE started. This value either comes from the current consolewindow, the /T command line switch or from the DefaultColor registryvalue.The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to executethe COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are thesame.Example: \"COLOR fc\" produces light red on bright white |
| 0x40002724 | Maximum path length exceeded - %1 |
Maximum path length exceeded - %1 |
| 0x40002727 | ****** B A T C H R E C U R S I O N exceeds STACK limits ******Recursion Count=%1!d!, Stack Usage=%2!d! percent****** B A T C H PROCESSING IS A B O R T E D ****** |
****** B A T C H R E C U R S I O N exceeds STACK limits ******Recursion Count=%1!d!, Stack Usage=%2!d! percent****** B A T C H PROCESSING IS A B O R T E D ****** |
| 0x40002728 | There are too many directories already in the PUSHD stack. |
There are too many directories already in the PUSHD stack. |
| 0x40002729 | The command prompt has been disabled by your administrator. |
The command prompt has been disabled by your administrator. |
| 0x4000272A | Creates a symbolic link.MKLINK [[/D] | [/H] | [/J]] Link Target /D Creates a directory symbolic link. Default is a file symbolic link. /H Creates a hard link instead of a symbolic link. /J Creates a Directory Junction. Link Specifies the new symbolic link name. Target Specifies the path (relative or absolute) that the new link refers to. |
Creates a symbolic link.MKLINK [[/D] | [/H] | [/J]] Link Target /D Creates a directory symbolic link. Default is a file symbolic link. /H Creates a hard link instead of a symbolic link. /J Creates a Directory Junction. Link Specifies the new symbolic link name. Target Specifies the path (relative or absolute) that the new link refers to. |
| 0x4000272B | Hardlink created for %1!s! %2!s! |
Hardlink created for %1!s! %2!s! |
| 0x4000272C | symbolic link created for %1!s! %2!s! |
symbolic link created for %1!s! %2!s! |
| 0x4000272D | Junction created for %1!s! %2!s! |
Junction created for %1!s! %2!s! |
| 0x4000272E | Local NTFS volumes are required to complete the operation. |
Local NTFS volumes are required to complete the operation. |
| 0x4000272F | The new link and the existing file must be on the same NTFS volume. |
The new link and the existing file must be on the same NTFS volume. |
| 0x40002730 | The device does not support symbolic links. |
The device does not support symbolic links. |
| 0x40002731 | You do not have sufficient privilege to perform this operation. |
You do not have sufficient privilege to perform this operation. |
| 0x40002732 | Allows control of file operations via transactions to commit or abortchanges.TRANSACTION [/START | /COMMIT | /ROLLBACK | /SUSPEND | /RESUME] /START - Start a new transaction. Only one can be pending at a time. /COMMIT - Commit all changes for the current transaction. /ROLLBACK - Rolls back all changes for the current transaction. /SUSPEND - Disables the running transaction, leaving it pending, and continue in non-transacted mode. /RESUME - Enable the transaction disabled with suspend.For both commit and rollback, the transaction is then closed afterthe command executes.If no argument is given, this command displays the current state of thetransaction for CMD.EXE. |
Allows control of file operations via transactions to commit or abortchanges.TRANSACTION [/START | /COMMIT | /ROLLBACK | /SUSPEND | /RESUME] /START - Start a new transaction. Only one can be pending at a time. /COMMIT - Commit all changes for the current transaction. /ROLLBACK - Rolls back all changes for the current transaction. /SUSPEND - Disables the running transaction, leaving it pending, and continue in non-transacted mode. /RESUME - Enable the transaction disabled with suspend.For both commit and rollback, the transaction is then closed afterthe command executes.If no argument is given, this command displays the current state of thetransaction for CMD.EXE. |
| 0x40002733 | Transaction ID: %1 |
Transaction ID: %1 |
| 0x40002734 | An active transaction is in progress. |
An active transaction is in progress. |
| 0x40002735 | There is no active transaction. |
There is no active transaction. |
| 0x40002736 | A transaction has been successfully started. |
A transaction has been successfully started. |
| 0x40002737 | There is no transaction to commit, rollback, suspend or resume. |
There is no transaction to commit, rollback, suspend or resume. |
| 0x40002738 | An active transaction is already in progress. A new one cannotbe started until the current one is committed or rolled back. |
An active transaction is already in progress. A new one cannotbe started until the current one is committed or rolled back. |
| 0x40002739 | Cannot commit or rollback a transaction that has been inheritedfrom another process. |
Cannot commit or rollback a transaction that has been inheritedfrom another process. |
| 0x4000273A | Cannot commit a transaction that was started outside of a batchfile from within a batch file. |
Cannot commit a transaction that was started outside of a batchfile from within a batch file. |
| 0x4000273B | Cannot suspend a transaction because a transaction is alreadysuspended. |
Cannot suspend a transaction because a transaction is alreadysuspended. |
| 0x4000273C | Cannot resume a transaction because no transaction is currentlysuspended. |
Cannot resume a transaction because no transaction is currentlysuspended. |
| 0x4000273D | Cannot resume a transaction suspended in a previous batch file. |
Cannot resume a transaction suspended in a previous batch file. |
| 0x4000273E | Transaction successfully resumed. |
Transaction successfully resumed. |
| 0x4000273F | Transaction successfully suspended. |
Transaction successfully suspended. |
| 0x40002740 | There are still %1 process(es) running within thistransaction. Commit or rollback will continue once thoseprocesses have terminated. |
There are still %1 process(es) running within thistransaction. Commit or rollback will continue once thoseprocesses have terminated. |
| 0x40002741 | This transaction has already been rolled back. |
This transaction has already been rolled back. |
| 0x40002742 | The current transaction has been rolled back. |
The current transaction has been rolled back. |
| 0x40002743 | The current transaction has been rolled back becauseCMD exited or the batch file completed. |
The current transaction has been rolled back becauseCMD exited or the batch file completed. |
| 0x40002744 | This transaction has already been committed. |
This transaction has already been committed. |
| 0x40002745 | The current transaction has been committed. |
The current transaction has been committed. |
| 0x40002746 | The current transaction has been committed or aborted outside ofCMD, and has been successfully abandoned. |
The current transaction has been committed or aborted outside ofCMD, and has been successfully abandoned. |
| 0x40002747 | Failed to query transaction state. Unknown outcome state is %1 |
Failed to query transaction state. Unknown outcome state is %1 |
| 0x40002748 | Administrator: %0 |
Administrator: %0 |
| 0x40002749 | Local volumes are required to complete the operation. |
Local volumes are required to complete the operation. |